（1） 行为动词（实义动词）
根据是否需要宾语分为：及物动词（transitive verb）和不及物动词（intransitive verb）
1）及物动词：要求后面跟宾语，可用于被动。
I fully appreciate your generosity.
I see an opportunity in every challenge.
2） 不及物动词：不能直接跟宾语。如果后面跟宾语需要在宾语前加上相应的介词。不能用于被动语态。He never works hard.
Your words and action must match.
3） 有些动词既可以作及物动词，后面直接接宾语；也可作不及物动词，后面不直接跟宾语。Change your way of thinking if necessary.
We must always change.
（2） 连系动词
连系动词本身词义不完整，需要跟后面的表语共同构成系表结构作谓语。
1） 连系动词+形容词
It felt pleasant taking a walk in the evening. She remained single all her life.
2） 连系动词+名词
这种结构常见的连系动词有：be, become, die, draw, live, look, make, play, prove, remain, return, seem， stand, turn 等
Her dream has now become a reality. It proved a difficult tasks.
3） 连系动词+分词
这种结构常见的连系动词有：appear, become, come, feel, get, grow, look, pass, prove, remain, rest, seem, stand 等
At last the truth became known. There’s nothing to get excited about.
4） 连系动词+介词短语
这种结构常见的连系动词有: appear, come, continue, grow, keep, look, prove, remain seem, shine, shine, smell, sound, stand, taste 等
The agreement shall remain in force for a period of five years. He seems on the watch to control himself.
（3） 助动词
助动词时“辅助性”和“帮助性”的动词，本身无实际含义，不能单独做谓语且无人称和数的变化。常见的助动词有：be（am, is ,are, was, were, being, been）,have（has, had），do（does, did）,shall（should）,will
（would）。
A. 帮助行为动词构成否定或疑问句
She come here yesterday.
---She didn’t come here yesterday.
---Did she come here yesterday?
B. 帮助行为动词构成时态 How often do you wash your hair? She had paid her income tax.
C. 帮助行为动词构成被动语态
Television ads are usually repeated over and over again. His car was stolen a week ago.
D. 帮助动词构成各种语气
He did finish the work.（强调语气）
Don’t be afraid of making mistakes.（祈使语气） Without steel, there would be no industry.（虚拟语气）
If you had not hurried, you would have missed the train.（虚拟语气）
（4） 情态动词
表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或者情感。情态动词属于一个辅助性动词，其本身无法单独作谓语，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语部分，用来表示不同的意念，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态的变化。
1)can(could)
A:表示能力：(be abe to ) Who can answer this question?
It can help you remember past events.
(could 表示过去的能力: When I was young, I could climb any tree in the forest.) B:表示可以做，客观条件允许做：
I can call you tomorrow.
It can be found in several parts of the world. C:表示可能性，常用于否定或者疑问句： There's someone outside.
Who can it be?
(could 可表示过去或者现在的可能性，表示现在时比 can 弱)
can 的常用搭配：
①can but 只好
We can but do our best.
②cant't help doing sth.=can't help but do sth. 不禁、忍不住做某事
I can't help wondering what happened to that little girl.
③can't...too... 无论怎样... ...都不过分，越......越好= can never ...too...
We can't thank you too much for what you've done for us. You can never do the work too well.
2） may（might） A:表示征求对方意见May I use your phone?
(might 表示许可，指的是过去的许可）
He was wondering if he might use the computer B:表示可能性（比 can 的可能性要弱）
Anna may know my phone number.
（might 表示过去或者现在的可能性，表现在的可能性时语气比 may 弱）
He might come tomorrow, but I am not quite sure.
3） must
A: 表示必须，一定要
We must have a celebration,my dear man. You mustn't tell Jerry what i've bought.
B. 表示推测，一定是，准是
There must be something wrong with the engine. C:偏要，非要
Why must it rain on Sunday.
If you must smoke, please go out.
must 和 have to 都表示“必须，不得不”。must 强调主观性，表示主观上认为有必要做某事； have to 强调客观需要，表示客观环境下促使不得不做某事。
must 只用于现在时，have to 则有更多的时态形式。
mustn’t 表示“禁止”；don’t have to 表示“不必”。
must have done 表示对过去情况的肯定推测，其否定形式为 can’t have done,表示“不可能做过”或者“不
可能发生”。
4） should 和 ought to
A: 表示说话人认为“应该”做
You ought not to /should not let out the secret. B:表示推测，“按道理说应该”
She ought to /should pass her chemistry final.
C. should 可以表示说话人惊奇，愤怒，失望等情感
Don't ask me. How should I know. It's strange that you should say that.
5）will 和 would
A: 表示意愿或者决心
She said she would try her best to help me.
B:表示请求，用 won't you 加强邀请的语气。would 比 will 更客气、委婉
Will you join us for a drink, beauty?
Would you open the window,please? I feel a little stuffy here. C:表示习惯或者特性，带有主观性，翻译为“总是”
She will ask some strange questions.
We would often go for a walk in the park. D:would 经常在虚拟语气句子中使用I wish they would come and visit us.
If only he would listen to me.
6）need
A. need 作情态动词时，常用于否定句或者疑问句，表示“需要，必须”。否定式为在后直接加 not，可缩写为 needn’t.
You need not do anything here.
You needn’t go if you don’t want to.
B. need 作行为动词时，表示“需要，必须”，其后可跟宾语。其后跟带 to 的不定式，构成 need to do 句型。否定式在前面加 don’t（doesn’t 或者 didn’t）,疑问句也用 do（does, did）提问。
Do you need some help?
He needs to finish it this evening.
C. need doing= need to be done“（某物）需要被怎么样” The TV set needs mending again.
=The TV set needs to be mended again.
7） dare
A. dare 用作情态动词时，后接动词原形，主要用于否定句或者疑问句，表示“敢，竟敢”。其否定式在后直接加 not。
She dare not speak in public. How dare you do such a thing.
B. dare 用作行为动词时，常做及物动词，表示“敢于，敢做，挑战”，其后可以接宾语。其否定式在 dare 前面加 don’t（doesn’t 或者 didn’t）,疑问句也用 do（does, did）提问。
He dares any danger.
C. dare to do something “敢做某事”
dare someone to do something “怂恿某人做某事” She dare to swim in the river.
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