浙江专升本 | 浙江专升本考试英语语法第十一章——不定代词

发布时间：2020-12-11浏览：次编辑：xinting

5. 不定代词
　不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表
语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：
1)some与any的区别
①some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。
     Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.
    . Some rice in the bag has been sold out.
     ②any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。
     If you have any questions, please ask me.
     There isn't any orange in the bottle.
     Have you got any tea?
    ③any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。
     How many people can you see in the picture?
     I can't see any.
     If you have no money, I'll lend you some.
        注意：与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。
2) few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别
①用作形容词：

含义用法	表示肯定	表示否定
用于可数名词	a few虽少，但有几个	few不多，几乎没有
用于不可数名词	a little，虽少，但有一点	little不多，没有什么

  I'm going to buy a few apples.
  He can speak only a little Chinese.
  There is only a little milk in the glass.
  He has few friends.
  They had little money with them.
②a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。
  I'm a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)
  Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep)
  Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)
  She slept very little last night.
3)other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。

用法	代名词		形容词
用法	单数	复数	单数	复数
不定	another 另一个	others 别人，其他人	another (boy) 另一个（男孩）	other (boys) 其他男孩
特定	the other 另一个	the others 其余那些人、物	the other (boy) 另一个男孩	the other (boys) 其余那些男孩

①other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别
的”。
  Where are his other books?
  I haven't any other books except this one.
②other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ..., the other ...”句型。
  He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.
  She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.
③other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ...., others ...”句型。
  Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.
  This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.
④“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。
  We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock.
  In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.
⑤another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one.
  You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?
  Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?
⑥another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。
  I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.
4)every与each的区别。

each	every
1)可单独使用	1)不可单独使用
2)可做代名词、形容词	2)仅作形容词
3)着重“个别”	3)着重“全体”，毫无例外
4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物	4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物

  The teacher gave a toy to each child.
  Each ball has a different colour.
     当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。
  Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.
Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.
5)all和both的用法。
①all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。
  All of us like Mr Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语）
  = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位语)
  All the water has been used up. (作主语)
  That's all for today. (作表语)
  Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语)
  All the leaders are here. (作定语)
  ②both作代词。
a.与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。
  Lucy and Lily both agree with us.
  They both passed on their sticks at the same time.
  How are your parents? They're both fine.
  b.与“of +代词（或名词）”连用，表示“两者都”。
  Both of them came to see Mary.
  Both of the books are very interesting.
c.单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。
  Michael has two sons. Both are clever.
  I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both.
③both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。
  Both his younger sisters are our classmates.
. There are tall trees on both sides of the street.

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